Undoubtedly, the international education market is increasing
in scope and size. In the process, it is also gaining immense
momentum. While some parents see sending their wards abroad to acquire
tertiary education as a status symbol, others are doing so owing to the
increasing lack of access in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Consequent
upon this, lots of tertiary institutions from the West, the Arabian Gulf
and indeed other parts of the world are constantly wooing Nigerian
students. The implication of this is both good and bad in equal measure
as ENO-ABASI SUNDAY found out in this report.
DELECTABLE Miss Phoebe Larry-Izamoje graduated from Imperial College,
London in 2012, upon completion of her Master’s degree in Innovation,
Entrepreneurship and Management. Earlier on, she had bagged a B.A.
(Hons) degree in Accounting and Finance from the University of
Manchester, still in London.
Upon her return to the country, she took up an appointment as a
management trainee with Nigerian Breweries Plc in December 2012 through
to January 2014. After spending one year and two months in that
capacity, she was in January this year made assistant brand manager-
Amstel Malta.
Phoebe represents that lucky group of young Nigerians who have,
either through the instrumentality of their parents, governments or
well-wishers acquired tertiary education in the West.
Miss Larry-Izamoje’s path to schooling abroad was strewn with no
thorns. Apart from having capable parents who had the financial muscle
to help her realise her dream education, she also attended Nigerian
institutions that were directly aligned with very good universities
abroad.
“I attended Bridge House College, Ikoyi for my university
foundation programme and before that, I attended Chrisland College.
These institutions boast hundreds of students they have facilitated
their study abroad, and who have come back successfully,” she
submitted.
With her return to the country and with a dream job, the young lady
who “looked at the global league of universities and wanted to study in
one of the world’s top 20 universities,” has effectively realised her
dreams having been tutored at “Imperial College Business School for my
Masters, currently the world’s second-best university.”
Miss Inemesit Okodi, who just graduated from University of Bradford,
Halifax, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom is another Nigerian who is of
the opinion that schooling in the United Kingdom remains one of the
greatest things to happen to any young Nigerian seeking knowledge.
She buttressed this assertion by adding that not only are UK
certificates recognised worldwide depending on ones level of
accomplishment, but the availability of eminently qualified teachers and
the abundance of facilities, she said adds to the overall pleasant
learning experience out there.
These two ladies, represent an infinitesimal percentage of the tens
of thousands of Nigerians that depart the country at regular intervals
to begin or continue their academic sojourns in different parts of the
world, either for the purposes of acquiring quality education or making
up for the increasingly lack of access in the country’s tertiary
education system.
In the last couple of years, about 1.5 million candidates sit for
the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB)-organised Unified
Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME), with the hope of securing
admissions into the over 150 private and public Nigerian universities.
Of this number, barely 400, 000 are admitted to read their choice
courses and the Federal Government seems to be at its wits’ end on the
matter.
For instance, while JAMB Registrar/Chief Executive, Prof. Dibu
Ojerinde accused universities of under-utilising admission spaces as
only 35 per cent out of the 1, 735, 892 who sat for the 2013 UTME
secured admissions in Nigerian universities, immediate past Minister of
State for Education, Ezebunwo Nyesom Wike, had urged Nigerians affected
by the lack of carrying capacity in conventional universities to enrol
in the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN).
Apart from this apparent lack of access plaguing Nigerian colleges,
infrastructure inadequacies; insufficient endowment fund and assistance
from alumni and community; poor human resources; poor funding of
universities; endless strike actions by teachers; indiscipline on the
part of teachers and students; and dependence on government also come in
handy to afflict the system endemically.
Time was when a good number of young Africans from countries like
Zambia, Ghana, Angola, Zimbabwe and beyond were educated in Nigerian
colleges at the end of which they returned home with the Golden Fleece.
But the problems besetting the tertiary education sector in the country
has ensured that the reverse is now the case as young Nigerians are now
found in far-flung locations across the world, seeking education in
illustrious and famed academic institutions, as well as in some
nondescript and ramshackle ones. Funny enough, neighbouring African
countries including Ghana, Republic of Benin, Togo are some of the
destination where the search for quality education is taking Nigerian
youths to.
Daily, all sorts of recruitment officers and education
administrators, decked in shimmering suits with their large
portmanteaus, arrive in Nigeria in search of Nigerian students to take
away. With this unending arrivals, the country has been turned into one
large education fair ground, where recruitment officers serve as
salesmen, and do their utmost to convince the strike-weary Nigerian
students and their parents that the institutions they represent remain
the right destination for the knowledge-seeking youths, who apart from
the will to study abroad, must be scions of deep-pocketed parents, who
are more often politicians, top businessmen and top government
dignitaries.
However, it is instructive to note that apart from children of the
haves who are willing to school abroad, those that fail to secure
sufficient marks to earn them places in Nigerian universities are also
targets of the foreign institutions.
Sitting in audience in one of such education fairs, one is
inundated with all sorts of offerings and incentives in both realistic
and unrealistic realms. They include scholarship opportunities,
work-study offers and fragmented fee payment schedules just to mention a
few.
Engaging some agents/representatives of some of these schools
reiterates the obvious- a number of them are charlatans looking for
unsuspecting parents and students to fleece. While the capacity of some
of the schools to make eggheads of the students they are shepherding
away remains suspect, the chances of hidden charges popping up in the
course of the students’ academic odysseys remains sky high.
Promoters of the idea of seeking knowledge abroad often reel out a
legion of dividends that accrue from the exercise. Among others, they
guarantee completion of studies in record time. They also claim that
students who studied abroad pick jobs easily, or generally fare better
than their locally schooled counterparts in international labour
market.
In addition to this, they say that in view of the fact that
knowledge has become an international commodity, the top of the range
know-how brought in by students who studied abroad, also helps in
rejuvenating ailing economies.
Analysts are of the view that this ever-expanding international
education market has benefitted immensely from Nigeria’s deeply troubled
tertiary education sector. The evidences are manifold.
Curiously, while some of the world’s most developed education
systems including the United States and the United Kingdom are playing
host to some Nigerian students, it appears the greatest beneficiary of
Nigeria’s epileptic tertiary education system is next-door
neighbour-Ghana, where unbefitting structures including uncompleted
buildings and Portakabins house some of the 51 private universities set
up to target Nigerian students.
This much was attested to by the Nigeria’s High Commissioner to
Ghana, Ambassador Ademola Onafowokan, when he said, “...A thousand and
one one-block and many mushroom universities (are) set up to target
Nigerian students yearning for education…. But, sadly, they are not
cheap as Nigerians pay in dollars. These universities are just pure
business ventures.”
One of such institutions, which operates from a one-block facility
and which claims equal fame and capacity to that possessed by the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), U.S., is the Accra
Institute of Technology. Of its 2, 000 population as at late last year,
nearly a third are Nigerians.
Its “doctoral programme” is run from a rented uncompleted
structure, where it charges between $1, 300 and $1, 510 per session.
Accommodation and feeding are not included in this amount.
Other institutions that fall into the league of one-block varsities
are Mahatma Gandhi University, Accra campus, Radford University
College, Accra and the Sikkim Manipal University, Accra campus. Worthy
of note also is that fact that of all the 50 private universities that
Nigerian students troop to, over 98 per cent of them do not award
degrees on their own, but serve as study centres of schools located
abroad. Only the Valley View University (VVU), belonging to the Seventh
Day Adventist awards degrees on its own, without doing so in concert
with any government-owned or foreign varsity.
Another factor that still remains a sore point in the academic
sojourns of Nigerian youths, especially in Ghana is the fact that
these private institutions through their doors open to students
deficient in their Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) for
undergraduate programmes, even though affected students are expected to
remedy their deficiencies before the end of their stay in the schools.
Economic losses occasioned by capital flight
Evidently, this “exodus” has caused the country immense economic woes
and played a critical role in the under-development of the education
sector, which is cardinal to national development. Nigerian youths are
now making substantial contribution to the running of some developed
systems across the world.
For instance, in elite institutions in the UK, while local students
and those from the European Union countries pay £1, 310 or something in
that neighbourhood per session, Nigerian and other international
students spend £19, 000 averagely on living expenses as well as tuition
fees per session. For the science students among them, the amount
usually shoots through the roof.
In the United States, average tuition fees stands at $8, 000 per
session and the entire sum could go up to more than $25, 000 when
calculated alongside accommodation, feeding, Internet access etc. In
Singapore, tuition fee average is $4, 000; $20, 000 in Malta and $1, 000
in Malaysia.
One of the organisations that gave an insight into the huge economic
loses that Nigeria suffers on account of affording her youths foreign
education is Exams Ethics International, which revealed that the country
spends a mind-boggling ₦1.5trn yearly for this purpose.
According to the organisation, Ghana, UK and U.S. were some of the
greatest beneficiaries of Nigeria’s indiscretion in the education
sector.
Chairman of the group, Ike Onyechere, who is of the view that the
amount covers monies spent on scholarships, private and government owned
institutions, and individuals, said it was imperative to halt this
trend to “prevent this huge economic loss,” adding that, “This is the
greatest negative balance of payment any country can suffer,” he said.
Earlier on in 2012, the then chairman, Committee of Pro-Chancellors
of Nigerian Universities, Dr. Wale Babalakin (SAN) had stated that
statistics from the Nigerian Embassy in Ghana claimed that about 110,
000 Nigerian youths were studying in Ghana with approximately N160bn
injected into the Ghana education system by them.
However, a recent study published by World University News,
claimed that 75, 000 Nigerians were in schools in that West African
country alone.
Former Governor of the Central Bank Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, had at a
public lecture revealed staggering figures and the cost implications for
students and indeed the country as it relates to studying in Ghana.
According to Sanusi now the Emir Of Kano, “Although there are no
comprehensive data on the number of Nigerian students abroad, recent
data have shown that there are about 71, 000 Nigerian students in Ghana,
paying about $1bn United States dollars annually as tuition fees and
upkeep, as against the annual budget of $751 million for all federal
universities.
“In other words, the money spent by Nigerian students studying in
Ghana with a better organised system, is more than the annual budget of
all federal universities in the country,” the former apex bank governor
had lamented.
“Nigeria is today placed third on the list of countries with the highest number of students studying overseas,” he added.
Many took Sanusi’s figures as fairly reliable considering the fact
that all requests for overseas remittances, which also include funds for
students’ fees and upkeep are processed through the banks.
Because of the way Nigerians value education, generations of them
have been educated in Britain over the last 70 years or thereabouts. A
report in 2010 had it that Nigerians spend in the UK, monies in the
region of ₦246bn to educate their loved ones. This sum formed over 60
per cent of the 2012 education allocation in that year’s annual budget,
which stood at ₦400.15bn. The 2013 budget for education marginally rose
to ₦426.53 bn.
According to data provided by the United Kingdom Council for
International Student Affairs, 17, 585 Nigerians were duly registered as
students studying in British universities in the 2012 academic year.
That number was about a thousand more than the 16, 680 that registered
in the 2009/10 academic session.
Though Nigeria’s student population remains the third highest from
non-European Union countries, trailing 39, 090 recorded for India and
67, 325 for China, it would contest for second place by 2015.
In 2012, a British parliamentarian, Mr. Iain Stewart, who spoke at
an education seminar at the behest of Focus Learning Support (FLS), in
collaboration with Global Development Partnerships, Sodji Sports
Foundation and the University of East London said, “There will be nearly
30, 000 Nigerian students in the UK by 2015. These numbers account for
seven per cent of the total UK university population; this is a very
significant number,” he said.
Stewart, who explained that the international students market was
worth nearly £10 billion, had urged UK politicians and the academic
sector to place more importance on the industry.
Stewart’s prophesy was corroborated by statistics from the Higher
Education Statistics Agency (HESA), which confirmed that the number of
Nigerian students gunning for degrees in the UK had tripled in eight
years.
Late last year, the statistics indicated that a total of 17, 640
Nigerians had enrolled for different degrees in UK universities during
2011/12 compared to 5, 385 for 2003/04.
Specifically, Nottingham Trent College, which is based in
Nottingham in the East Midlands in England, within the period under
review, had on its register, nearly double the number of Nigerian
students it had just about three years ago. For the last academic year,
that is 2013/14, 64 Nigerians enrolled at the university, compared to 38
in 2011/12.
According to the U.S. Embassy Educational Advising Center, in 2011,
Nigeria had more students schooling in the U.S. than any sub-Saharan
African country. Within the period under review, there were over 6, 500
students studying at over 733 institutions in all of the country’s 50
states as well as the District of Columbia.
But recent data reveals that the search for the knowledge is the
reason why 7, 318 Nigerian students are currently studying in more than
700 universities and colleges in the same country.
According to the Head, Embassy Education Advising Centre, Jennifer
Onyeukwu, “The total, right now, of Nigerian students studying in the
U.S. is 7, 318 at undergraduate and graduate programmes. This fall, we
sending more than 100 students to study in the U.S., over 80 per cent
had some form of scholarship or financial aid from schools in the U.S.”
The official also said there were 22 scholarships under U.S
Achievers’ Programme, “which recognises academically stellar students,
who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds...”
Mixed reactions over merits, demerits of the rising trend
Watchers of the scenario believe that with the flow of student
traffic from Nigeria to other nations on the upswing, brain drain is
also top on the list of what is lost by the country. This is so because
some of the youths elect to stay behind upon completion of their
studies.
But Miss Larry-Izamoje believes that, “The main thing we lose as a
country is the money because of the tons of investment Nigerians make in
the educational systems abroad. It is expensive to school abroad. But
we gain a global view and are ready players in today’s high-tech,
dynamic and ever challenging society. We get a first hand grasp of
developments in the advanced economies and the possible opportunities
for our society. If those in the Diaspora can easily contribute or
return, with their exposure and knowledge, our country will be better.”
A director of ForwardLeap Consultants Limited, a Manchester, United
Kingdom-based outfit, accredited agent for the Cambridge Education Group
and the Study Group- (two of the world’s leading education providers
across Australia, Europe and North America), Mr. Babatunde Modupe-Ojo,
seems to agree with Miss Larry-Izamoje.
“Human migration is a reality of the global world that we now live
in. The present upswing with respect to Nigeria is not unique to the
country. It is still a child’s play when compared to the statistics
available on countries like China, India and Indonesia etc. The positive
impacts of such migration are the cross fertilisation of ideas,
knowledge and best practices. It is hoped that when the majority of
Nigerians who have been abroad to study return home, then they will
contribute immensely to the development of Nigeria in all ramifications,
provided, the government ensures that enabling environment is created
for such talents to blossom.
Modupe-Ojo, a lawyer, whose outfit has access to about 500
universities around the world continued, “Education and knowledge
exchange have become international commodities. It serves the long-term
interest of Nigeria to allow the free flow of these commodities, in that
the benefits of education generally cannot be internalised by the
beneficiaries only. The society at large benefits immensely from a
highly educated populace through cross fertilisation of ideas and best
practices in all fields of human endeavour. There is really nothing to
lose from the trend of Nigerian students seeking education abroad.
“The verifiable benefits of schooling abroad are many. One can
point to exposure to high standards of teaching and research,
particularly in the sciences, benefits from quality facilities,
networking with fellow students that would pay high dividends in future,
etc. Perhaps, the demerits are mainly the tendency for the gullible
students to want to imbibe foreign culture and attitudes, which may not
be beneficial to the Nigerian society,” he added.
On people staying back especially in the UK after studies, Sephora
Imomoh, a project manager with British Council, Lagos, said, “People
who choose to study in the UK independently, are responsible for their
decision making. But for some of the schemes that we run including the
Commonwealth Scholarship and Chevening Scholarship, we track them
because they are required to come back and help to develop their
communities. There are a number of these UK school’s alumni that are
contributing to the Nigerian economy. So while we track those that the
UK government funds to study abroad, we don’t track those that go there
to study independently.”
Imomoh added: Apart from monies going out, some also come in by way
of scholarships, which are also offered to Nigerians to study in the
UK. We are also thinking along the line of forging partnerships with
Nigerian institutions with a view to developing the Nigerian education
system as well. So, it should be made clear that through some of the
programmes that we run like the Commonwealth Scholarship and the
Chevening Scholarship, the British Council is bringing back some kind of
investment into the country.”
Imomoh is, however, of the opinion that the UK is irresistible for
international students because of its “strong reputation for research,
innovation and creativity. UK universities and colleges attract some of
the world’s leading academics and industry professionals. Students are
encouraged to express their own ideas and think for themselves.”
Even though Imomoh failed to pointedly address how viable the
Nigerian education market is to the British Council, and indeed how much
Nigerian imports were contributing to oiling the education system in
the UK, Director Programme, Nigeria, Louisa Waddingham, gave a hint to
that effect when she informed, “A whole lot of money goes out helping to
fund education in the UK. Universities in the UK have to make money to
be able to operate as they are not funded by any formal grant. In the
UK, everybody pays for post-secondary school education. So, in that
regards, Nigeria contributes a lot to education in the UK alongside
other students from other parts of the world and British students as
well. So everybody pays for tertiary education in the UK because the
colleges, which have a high reputation for research, creativity and
innovation cannot run without adequate funding. Without funding coming
from these students, living up to the standards to deliver what the
world economy needs would be very difficult.
“The UK education sector has always had a very strong interest in
the Nigerian context and every year, we have a lot of institutions
wanting to come here to meet with the students and their parents, and do
what they can to support Nigeria’s educational development.
“There is also an increasing interest of British institutions to
work in Nigeria as well and I think that is something that the British
Council really wants to look. Given how many people that are in Nigeria,
in addition to bringing people to the UK, we really need to see what
the UK can do in Nigeria in the education context here to support
people’s development,” she stated.
Ponzi schemes/ money spinning machines
Until lately, not very many parents ever sat down to appraise the
financial losses they could be subjected to if they fall into the traps
set by rogue agents, who pose as education consultants with bountiful
connections to many foreign-based varsities and colleges.
In other words, it is not for lack of what to say that a cleric,
Elder Gabriel Fasanu, warned parents to be conscious of whom they deal
with in the ever-expanding international education market.
Fasanu, Principal, Babcock University Schools, Ogba, Lagos, speaking
recently in Lagos observed that many unsuspecting parents have been
fleeced by wolves in sheep clothing as they attempt to send their wards
abroad to obtain the Golden Fleece.
He therefore, urged them to be wary of charlatans and fraudsters who pose as recruitment agents to international schools
Unlike Miss Larry-Izamoje, who is back in the country enjoying the
fruits of her labour, Adesina Amu and his parents are in and out of
court room attempting to get justice, after they were conned by an
“agent” who claimed he had the capacity to organise admission for any
student, qualified or not, in any school, including those in the
farthest part of the earth.
Ibe Isiguzo runs Lagos-based Harlem Consult, which also claims to
have the capacity to facilitate admission into at least 20 United
Kingdom-based universities and colleges, which his outfit allegedly has
partnerships with.
A close interaction with Isiguzo, a National Diploma holder from a
Nigerian polytechnic gives him out as one that is yet to master his
“job,” but knows enough to earn a living conning others or capitalising
on their ignorance to feather his nest.
“I have been in this business for nearly 10 years and some of my
clients are back in the country on completion of their studies. They are
working in big companies in Nigeria, where they are well paid,” he
claims.
Asked to volunteer the contacts of any two of those he has helped
secure admission for in the past, whether they were domicile in Nigeria
or abroad for confirmation of his claims, he declined insisting that it
would amount to intruding into the privacy of his clients.
The family of 21-year-old Ifeoluwa Akindele is in court with
Isiguzo, after he failed to facilitate their ward’s admission into a
London-based tertiary institution. Attempts to get a refund peacefully
proved abortive and both parties after immense circumlocution landed in a
Lagos court to trash out matters.
Ghanaian educational consultants/entrepreneurs have continued to
make incursions into different parts of the country to recruit
prospective students. Hamart Ventures, a Ghanaian business concern is
one of the firms that scouts and arranges admission for Nigerian
students in Ghana for a fee.
Its Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Mr. Martins Amo-Ayesu, to date,
has visited Nigeria, Benin Republic, South Africa, Togo and few other
countries on the continent plying his trade.
Amo-Ayesu, who has visited about 25 states in Nigeria, has found
the country to be a very fertile ground for his business because of
Nigerians insatiable appetite for higher education.
The Ghanaian, who is fully aware of the sharp practices of some of
his compatriots, who are in the same line of business is, however, quick
to warn Nigerian parents and guardians about the existence of fake
agents and unaccredited schools in his country.
“It is not all tertiary institutions in Ghana that are accredited
and licensed to operate. This has been a challenge to those of us in
this line of business. So, I would advise Nigerian parents that before
they send their wards to school in Ghana, they should always inquire
about the schools from relevant authorities,” Amo-Ayesu cautioned.
The Ghanaian, who has successfully recruited over 5, 000 Nigerian
students and placed them in different universities in Ghana, in
collaboration with the institutions added, “In January this year, I was
able to process admission for 155 students from Cross River State alone
and over 500 recruited from Nigeria within this period and they have all
been admitted into colleges in Ghana.”
He continued, “Three years ago while visiting a friend in Nigeria, I
discovered that most Nigerian parents have been duped one way or the
other by fake agents. The fake agents do this by extorting large sums of
money with a promise to get their victims’ children admitted into
higher institutions in Ghana only to disappear into thin air.”
He lamented that the activities of these rogue agents, has caused
genuine agents misery as many parents now tar the genuine agents with
the same brush as the criminally minded ones.
His words, “We have been having our little challenges because most
of the agencies who started recruiting students from Nigeria to Ghana
have caused a lot of havoc here. I always tell parents that because
fraudsters have caused a lot of havoc in the admission process, it does
not mean that getting admission into schools in Ghana is that
difficult.
“The minimum entry point that is required of the prospective
students is credit passes in six subjects including Mathematics and
English Language in their O’ Level examination. Once any child has this
type of result, he is assured of admission into any accredited Ghanaian
tertiary institution. Unfortunately, “so many parents have paid over
N200, 000 just to purchase admission forms from fraudulent agencies when
in actual fact, these forms should never cost that much. So, we help
parents to find the right school for their children and at very
reasonable cost because they do not have to go through the tedious
process they are going through before securing admission for their
children.”
Evidence of the booming trade that acquiring tertiary education in
Ghana has become is finding expression in the spread that firms like
Hamart Ventures are enjoying.
Project manager, British Council, Lagos, Adetomi Soyinka, says the
British Council is aware of the existence of rogue agents and was doing
its best to sift the grain from the chaff.
“Anywhere you have products and services being sold and bought, you
are bound to get these kinds of things happening be it in India, China
or wherever. So for us, we have a network of agents and we ensure that
they are properly trained because these are people that interact with
the public.
“Once upon a time, the British Council used to have a students’
counseling service, where people walk up to get information about
schooling in the UK. Now, we no longer have the capacity to do that. So
what we have done now is to put in place a six to eight weeks online
certification programme for our agents, regardless of where they are
operating from.
“The course content ensures that the agents are updated on the
changes in the education system within the UK. So, at the end of the
online programme, the agents write an examination and if they pass, they
are put on our global agents’ database. So if people are requesting for
information about education in the UK, we refer them to these people
who have the right information to give to members of the public. These
are the agents we deal with. Beyond that, the agents themselves are
trying hard to clean up the market because they know that some rogue
agents have put their collective reputation at stake.
“So, what they do is that they have formed an association -the
Nigerian Association of UK Education Agents. They meet on a regular
basis with a view to cleaning up the market themselves. Most
importantly, they constantly watch out for rogue agents amongst them and
take prompt action if they find any of such within their fold,” she
stated.
“Also, UK institutions come to us to inquire about these agents
that have taken the course and if they can deal with them directly. We
always direct these institutions to check with the association. For us,
these are some of the little checks and balances we are putting in place
to ensure sanity and protect the reputation of the agents in Nigeria
because it is a huge market,” the project manager stated.
In lending her voice to this, Miss Larry Izamoje agrees that some
of these educational agencies are run by unethical and shrewd
businessmen, reason why hidden charges, which were not disclosed at the
initial stage begin to pop up thereby jolting the students.
To guard against this, she says, “I believe the processes should be
made available for scrutiny. On no account should any one partner with
unethical institutions. Ask questions; be clear about what is offered,
and who you are dealing with. Any one identified should be reported to
the relevant authorities to minimise or completely eliminate these
issues.
“There is a lot to worry about especially when parents and
prospective students are not sure of the validity of these institutions.
It is imperative that they check the legality and capability of every
educational agency by being fully aware of their links with institutions
or universities abroad. They must get as much information as possible
from students, who have graduated from foreign institutions and
question the legal standings of these firms if in doubt. Parents should
check if the firms are registered companies, whether they do conform to
educational rules as laid down by the government. Most importantly, they
must be sure of agencies and institutions before allowing children to
fill their forms. Definitely. It is imperative for parents and/or
guardians who want their children to school aboard to check how
authentic what they get and what they are told are before making any
decisions. Thankfully, Nigeria has a pool of authentic institutions that
are directly aligned with very good universities abroad.
Hopewell Ukpebor writes that a 40-year-old man from Anambra State is in need of an urgent kidney transplant to stay alive
There's no cure for Ebola. So why have some patients walked away healthy while others in the West died?
